This blog will expand on themes and topics first mentioned in my book, "The Automobile and American Life." I hope to comment on recent developments in the automobile industry, reviews of my readings on the history of the automobile, drafts of my new work, contributions from friends, descriptions of the museums and car shows I attend and anything else relevant. Copyright 2009-2026, by the author.
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Tuesday, September 11, 2018
Saturday, September 8, 2018
Thursday, September 6, 2018
25 years of the Mercedes-Benz Collaboration with AMG
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| Mercedes-Benz C 36 AMG from model series 202, production period 1993 to 1997. View onto the 204 kW (280 hp) 3.6 l, six-cylinder engine from model series M 104. Photo from 1993. |
25 years ago Mercedes-Benz unveiled the C 36 AMG as the top model of the new C-Class in model series 202 at the International Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main (IAA, 9 to 19 September 1993). By 1997, 5,221 units of the 206 kW (280 hp) high-performance sedan had been built in total. That is ten times more than the exclusive 190 E 2.5-16 Evolution II of model series 201 from 1990 with similar performance data.
The Mercedes-Benz C 36 AMG delighted the experts and fans alike in 1993. This is also thanks to a history of passion for the Mercedes star dating back to the 1960s. In 1967 Hans Werner Aufrecht and Erhard Melcher founded their engineering firm for design and testing in the development of racing engines. In their free time, the two Mercedes-Benz employees had already built up racing cars on the basis of series-production cars with the star. The sporty optimization of customer vehicles for the road now became a second career.
The letters AMG in the company name stand for Aufrecht, Melcher and for the place where Aufrecht lived, Großaspach. The two companies came ever closer via touring car racing, where Mercedes-Benz and AMG cooperate very successfully, in particular in the German Touring Car Championship (DTM). Then from 1990 they also cooperated on the development of sporty high-performance models for Mercedes-Benz series production. Twenty-five years ago the C 36 AMG was the first result of this fruitful collaboration. In that same year there followed the performance-enhanced variants of the E-Class Sedan (W 124) and the SL (R 129), which were offered with a 280 kW (381 hp) 6.0 l, V8 engine as the E 60 AMG and SL 60 AMG.
The basis for the C 36 AMG was formed by the Mercedes-Benz C 280, which was extensively revised in terms of engine and chassis. Instead of the C 280’s 2.8-litre variant of the six-cylinder in-line engine M 104, its 3.2-litre version was used, and was also to be found at this time in models such as the E 320 (model series 124). In order to increase the cylinder capacity to 3,606 cubic centimeters, the AMG engineers upped the bore from 89.9 to 91 millimeters and the stroke from 84 to 92.4 millimeters.
The crankshaft of the Mercedes-Benz 3.5-litre diesel engine OM 605 D 35 A, whose counterweights were turned and shaft rebalanced, ensured the very long stroke. During optimization, the developers systematically used components from the Mercedes-Benz passenger car range: the brakes on the front axle of the C 36 AMG originated from the Mercedes-Benz SL 600 of model series R 129, those on the rear axle from the E 420 of model series 124.
Many further refinements contributed to the successful overall concept of the C 36 AMG. On the engine these include the special custom-made pistons as well as the reconfiguration of the crankshaft's torsional damper, lowering of the oil deflector by two millimetres, modification of the oil spray nozzles, a larger stroke and the modified valve timings of the intake camshafts, plus extended exhaust ports and an air intake pipe with a considerably larger cross-section between the air filter box and intake manifold. The engine management was also adapted to the changed parameters. All these modifications added up to an increase in the output of the 3.6-litre engine in the C 36 AMG compared with the 2.8-litre series engine by 64 kW (87 hp) to 206 kW (280 hp) at 5,750 rpm. The torque achieves 385 Nm at 4,000 to 4,750 rpm.
All in all, the C 36 AMG delights everyone with its superior poise. This is also thanks to the suspension tuning, which finds a successful compromise between firm sports car suspension and the more comfortable damper configuration of a refined sedan. And the four-speed automatic transmission also impresses – as testified by the specialist magazine “Auto Motor und Sport” in its 20/1994 issue: “It shifts quickly and unobtrusively, immediately reacts to kickdown and thanks to the selector lever surround it boasts effortless manual gear changes. On winding routes not only can this enhance the joy of driving; it can also increase the harmony of motion”. Equipping the high-performance saloon with traction control system (TCS) also made exploiting the engine output an acceptable pleasure with no regrets.
Twenty-five years ago the C 36 AMG was in the initial stage of direct cooperation between Mercedes-Benz and AMG – an outstanding success story. In 1999 the Stuttgart group took over a majority stake in AMG, and since 2005 Mercedes-AMG GmbH has been a wholly-owned subsidiary of Daimler AG. Today the passion for performance with sporty top models characterises virtually all segments of the Mercedes-Benz passenger car range with more than 50 different models. Since 2009 the performance brand has also been demonstrating the high level of development expertise with sports cars developed completely autonomously, such as the SLS AMG and the Mercedes-AMG GT.
The powerful C from AMG in model series 202 of 1993 sounded the starting signal for this development. The flagship C-Class was an instant success and became the first high-volume production model in the history of Mercedes-AMG: by March 1997, the 5,000th vehicle had been delivered. Six months later in the autumn of 1997, when more than 5,200 vehicles had been produced, the C 36 AMG was superseded by the Mercedes-Benz C 43 AMG – the first C-Class with a V8 engine. In June 1996 the C 36 AMG started a tradition that continues to this day when the Affalterbach-based brand provided the official safety car in Formula 1 for the first time.
Wednesday, September 5, 2018
Mercedes goes Electric: The EQC
Today, in the Artipelag art museum, Mercedes-Benz celebrated the world premiere of the new, fully-electric EQC (combined power consumption: 22.2 kWh/100 km; combined CO2 emissions: 0 g/km, provisional figures)1. Dieter Zetsche presented the first Mercedes-Benz model under the product and technology brand EQ to over 600 invited guests. As a purely battery-electrically powered vehicle, the EQC stands for an impressive combination of comfort, quality and day-to-day suitability. In visual terms the crossover SUV is the front-runner for an avantgarde electric look. Not only the protagonist itself, but also the location for the world premiere was a statement for sustainability. The Artipelag museum is surrounded by forest on the banks of Stockholm's skerries, and embodies the link between art and nature – it is an extraordinary and apt location for the departure into a new era of mobility at Mercedes-Benz.
"The EQC brings design, functionality and service together in a unique way. It offers day-to-day suitable e-mobility in a very special package: the EQC is an electric car, and at the same time 100 percent a Mercedes," says Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of Daimler AG and CEO of Mercedes-Benz Cars.
With its seamless, clear design and colour highlights typical of the brand, the EQC is the front-runner for an avantgarde electric look while embodying progressive luxury with its design idiom. With respect to quality, safety and comfort, the EQC is the Mercedes-Benz among electric vehicles and immediately impresses with the sum of its attributes. These are accompanied by dynamic performance, thanks to two electric motors at the front and rear axles with a combined output of 300 kW (provisional figure)2. Thanks to a sophisticated operating strategy, an electric driving range of more than 450 km according to NEDC (provisional figure)2 is possible. EQ also offers comprehensive services with Mercedes me, and makes electromobility convenient and suitable for day-to-day motoring.
Before the actual reveal, the guests were given all the background and details related to the EQC. Britta Seeger, Ola Källenius and Markus Schäfer e.g. moderated the EQ sessions on various topics such as development, design, safety, drive, the electromobility brand EQ and the production strategy for the new electric vehicle. Together with this varied and informative programme as well as with the unusual location, the inventor of the automobile showed that Mercedes-Benz is embarking on a new era. Electric now has a Mercedes
With its seamless, clear design and colour highlights typical of the brand, the EQC is the front-runner for an avantgarde electric look while embodying progressive luxury with its design idiom. With respect to quality, safety and comfort, the EQC is the Mercedes-Benz among electric vehicles and immediately impresses with the sum of its attributes. These are accompanied by dynamic performance, thanks to two electric motors at the front and rear axles with a combined output of 300 kW (provisional figure)2. Thanks to a sophisticated operating strategy, an electric driving range of more than 450 km according to NEDC (provisional figure)2 is possible. EQ also offers comprehensive services with Mercedes me, and makes electromobility convenient and suitable for day-to-day motoring.
Before the actual reveal, the guests were given all the background and details related to the EQC. Britta Seeger, Ola Källenius and Markus Schäfer e.g. moderated the EQ sessions on various topics such as development, design, safety, drive, the electromobility brand EQ and the production strategy for the new electric vehicle. Together with this varied and informative programme as well as with the unusual location, the inventor of the automobile showed that Mercedes-Benz is embarking on a new era. Electric now has a Mercedes
Monday, September 3, 2018
Bernd Pennewitz -- making small Porsche replicas for children
An old journalist’s axiom holds that children and animals always make for good stories. Hardly anyone can resist the charm of an adorable infant or the eyes of a loyal hound. Add a sports car, such as a Porsche, and you’ll automatically end up with Bernd Pennewitz and his children in the town of Lüdersfeld in the Schaumburg district of Lower Saxony.
Boys prefer technology and like playing with cars, while girls are more socially attuned and like playing with dolls. Or so it’s said. Bernd Pennewitz’s daughters turn such hoary clichés on their heads: these girls drive Porsches.
Classic Porsche cars at a scale of 1 to 2.3
Their father was an avid collector of Wiking toy cars as a boy. In 2000 he started exploring how his personal passion for model cars might be used to enhance the family’s dollhouse. Two years later, the result was a silver James Dean Porsche 550 Spyder, a miniature vehicle measuring 160 centimeters in length and powered by an electric drive. This precisely scaled and detailed replica had everything from a fold-up rear end and tiny instruments to an ignition on the right side of the wheel. Pennewitz has since become a graphic designer and runs a design agency in his chosen field of classic Porsche cars constructed at a scale of 1 to 2.3. And he’s achieved legendary status among model builders.
Pennewitz in his workshop
The Spyder was originally conceived as a one-off but, encouraged by the response to his prototype, Pennewitz decided to produce an entire series. He set up a workshop at his 120-year-old farmhouse in Lüdersfeld. The only problem was that, before he could begin production, the Porsche licensing department wanted to see not just one drivable sample within three weeks, but two. Why? “To make sure I could really do what I claimed and wasn’t just a dreamer.” But as soon as he presented his little Spyder in Stuttgart, the licensing contract became a foregone conclusion. “I didn’t even have to unload the second model from my car.”
“A lot of work went into getting the drive system to harmonize with the mechanics”
Pennewitz threw himself into his work. To help finance his start-up, he sold his real Porsche 356. The requisite technical expertise and craftsmanship were “essentially already there.” His previous work on design objects for trade fairs and marketing projects was helpful in building the car bodies. He fashioned the initial shape of the 550 Spyder’s outer shell from a block of rigid foam. “I set about cutting, grinding, cutting some more—first with a chainsaw, then with ever more precise tools.” Once half of the model was shaped, he used templates to transfer it to the other half. The chassis was designed on the computer, and its components and the baseplate were laser-milled from steel and aluminum. The question of what type of drive system to use solved itself. For safety reasons, a combustion engine was out of the question. Pedals weren’t an option because the miniature Porsche was too close to the ground for kids to effectively churn their legs. Pennewitz quickly found a suitable electric motor. “A lot of precision work went into getting the drive system to harmonize with the mechanics. But of course I’m proud of the fact that I basically built the first series of E-Porsches,” he adds with a wink.
Ida and Paul familiarize themselves with the technology in a miniature Porsche 356
What this one-man operation needed for series production was a network of suppliers—all the more so when he developed a second car, this one modeled on the 356 Speedster. He found skilled providers for the plastic car bodies, but spent sleepless nights worrying about the paint jobs. “Painting plastic is a supreme skill in this industry. I spent years trying to find a company that could do what I needed.” The search for turn-signal lights, wheels, and other special parts was no less time-consuming. Pennewitz and his wife managed to locate a number of items online that could then be adapted. But some things were impossible to find, like headlight covers. Pennewitz had to make the molds himself to have the thermoplastic parts cast.
Buyers simply fall in love with the little classic cars
But how does he sell his precious creations? “There’s a surprisingly wide range of customers,” he notes. And then adds that discretion is a matter of honor in this business. That makes sense—the price for one of his 356s starts at €10,000. Hence many vehicles in his fleet are probably driven on winding roads through park-like estates. But Pennewitz is adamant that he does not advertise his products as children’s cars. For one thing, this would lead to problematic liability issues. Aside from that, an astonishing number of buyers are adults who have simply fallen in love with his little classic cars. “One of our first customers was a man who ran straight up to our stand at the Techno Classica fair in Essen and shouted, ‘I want this, where do I have to sign?’” he recalls. Other interested parties turned out to be owners of 356s who wanted to have exact miniature copies parked next to their originals.
Pennewitz has now made more than 150 small cars, including models of the equally legendary Porsche 904 GTS. Of course he has also considered the daring step of making a 911. But for that he would need a sponsor to finance all the development work, like with the 904. Pennewitz hopes to turn over his oeuvre to younger hands and is looking for someone who shares his passion and commitment. This man, who has never actually sat in one of his cars, wants to continue having fun building them. For even if Pennewitz sends his little Porsche gems from Lüdersfeld to the far corners of the earth, he ultimately makes every single one of them for himself.
Mel Nolan -- one of the quickest men on earth
n the early Eighties, Mel Nolan was one of the quickest men on earth. Aboard his “crazy, home-built motorcycle”, the industrial chemist set two world records and, after registering 207mph on the speedometer, has kept a tight hold of the Irish Land Speed Record for nearly 40 years since.
“For the past seven years I’ve been a total Porsche fanatic but before it wasn’t like that,” says the 73-year-old. “Before that, I was a biker – and not an ordinary biker but one who loved to race, build new engines, do new things and develop new engineering and new products.”
Having entered – and won – his first motorbike race at the age of 25, Mel filled his home with dozens of hillclimbing and sprint trophies before a powerful mix of mechanical curiosity and ambition propelled him into the record books.
“The bike started off as a road bike – a Honda 750 with a top speed of 118mph – but my friend, Dennis Collins, and I started to work on it. Bit-by-bit the speeds built up to 207mph an hour.
Mel Nolan was one of the quickest men on earth
“It took some getting there – it felt like a lifetime’s work – but we had fantastic fun and by the end of 1981 we’d set the world land speed records for a 1,000cc bike over distances of a mile, and a kilometre. We had to pull out all the stops. I believe it was the first turbo and nitrous motorcycle ever run in Europe.”
With three records under his belt, Mel took a back seat from riding and moved into an organisational role. Having developed a love of drag racing, he put his infectious enthusiasm to work, drawing crowds of 10,000 onto the streets of Ireland for the country’s first ever drag race.
After a brief stint back in the saddle – “It was killing me to see our Irish riders being beaten by the English, who’d been drag racing for years, so I developed a bike with nitrous oxide and rediscovered my competitive streak” – Mel hung up his leathers at the end of the Nineties. Seven years ago, he pointed his passion in the direction of Porsche.
“I’d wanted a Porsche from a young age and when I bought a Boxster S a few years ago I just felt totally at home. It was like sitting on my sofa, but a sofa with astounding handling,” he laughs. “On the twisty roads of Ireland I could keep up with anything, even cars with a lot more horsepower.”
Mel Nolan is member of the Porsche Club of Ireland
The Boxster was followed by a 996 Turbo X50, a 3.2 turbo-bodied Carrera, and eventually a 997 Turbo. All three sit side-by-side in his garage. All three present the perfect excuse to be an active member of the Porsche Club of Ireland.
As organiser of the southern region, Mel’s never been busier. “Some clubs have five or six events a year; by the end of 2018, we’ll have held 58. The camaraderie is fantastic: there’s always something to do and somewhere to go in your Porsche. We’re a very proud club,” he says, pointing at his shirt where the club logo is stitched.
“Motorcycles are a part of me – I’m still heavily involved in drag racing – but there’s a lot of love in my heart for my Porsches. It wasn’t until I’d driven one that I realised a car could feel like being back on a motorcycle. They’re raw, they’re fantastic, they’re happy machines.”
As he sips his pint and wipes the froth from his top lip, Mel’s eye falls on a recent photo of his 1984 Carrera on the table in front of him. Mel Nolan is smiling again.
Watch the interview here:
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