1970s Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) Developments at Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz Experimental Safety Vehicle ESF 03 from 1971

Since 1971, Mercedes-Benz has designed more than 30 experimental safety vehicles. In doing so, this manufacturer conducts research on numerous automotive safety systems, refines them and makes them fit for series production. The ESVs are embedded in the long history of continuous safety development at Mercedes-Benz.

Some early milestones of this tradition are:

• Door locks that prevent doors from bursting open after an accident (1949, 1959)
• Safety body with energy-absorbing crumple zones (1959)
• Injury-attenuating interior construction (1959)
• Systematic crash tests (1959)
• Accident research: Evaluation of real accidents and systematic application of the results to enhance safety development (1969)

From the 1970s onwards, the ESVs paved the way for a large number of other innovations, some of which could not be mass-produced until years later. These include the anti-lock braking system (ABS) (1978), belt tensioners (1981) and belt force limiters (1995), airbags (1981), passenger airbags (1987) and side airbags (1995).

As part of the 1970s ESV programme, Mercedes-Benz presented the following four ESVs to the public:

• ESV 05, based on the 114 model series (“Stroke/8”) presented at the 2nd International ESV Conference from 26 to 29 October 1971 in Sindelfingen
• ESV 13 as a revised version of ESV 05, presented at the 3rd International ESV Conference, held in Washington (USA) from 30 May to 2 June 1972
• ESV 22 based on the S-Class (116 model series), presented at the 4th International ESV Conference from 13 to 16 March 1973 in Kyoto (Japan).
• ESV 24 as a modified S-Class (116 model series), presented at the 5th International ESV Conference from 4 to 7 June 1974 in London (UK)

Mercedes-Benz Experimental Safety Vehicle ESF 22 from 1973.